| Root, Prefix or Suffix | Meaning | Examples |
|---|
| a, ac, ad, af, ag, al, an, ap, as, at | to, toward, near, in addition to, by | aside, accompany, adjust, aggression, allocate, annihilate, affix, associate, attend, adverb |
| a-, an- | not, without | apolitical, atheist, anarchy, anonymous, apathy, aphasia, anemia |
| ab, abs | away from, off | absolve, abrupt, absent |
| -able, -ible | Adjective: worth, ability | solvable, incredible |
| acer, acid, acri | bitter, sour, sharp | acerbic, acidity, acrid, acrimony |
| act, ag | do, act, drive | active, react, agent, active, agitate |
| acu | sharp | acute, acupuncture, accurate |
| -acy, -cy | Noun: state or quality | privacy, infancy, adequacy, intimacy, supremacy |
| -ade | act, product, sweet drink | blockade, lemonade |
| aer, aero | air, atmosphere, aviation | aerial, aerosol, aerodrome |
| ag, agi, ig, act | do, move, go | agent, agenda, agitate, navigate, ambiguous, action |
| -age | Noun: activity, or result of action | courage, suffrage, shrinkage, tonnage |
| agri, agro | pertaining to fields or soil | agriculture, agroindustry |
| -al | Noun: action, result of action | referral, disavowal, disposal, festival |
| -al, -ial, -ical | Adjective: quality, relation | structural, territorial, categorical |
| alb, albo | white, without pigment | albino, albite |
| ali, allo, alter | other | alias, alibi, alien, alloy, alter, alter ego, altruism |
| alt | high, deep | altimeter, altitude |
| am, ami, amor | love, like, liking | amorous, amiable, amicable, enamoured |
| ambi | both | ambidextrous |
| ambul | to walk | ambulatory, amble, ambulance, somnambulist |
| -an | Noun: person | artisan, guardian, historian, magician |
| ana, ano | up, back, again, anew | anode, anagram, anagenetic |
| -ance, -ence | Noun: action, state, quality or process | resistance, independence, extravagance, fraudulence |
| -ancy, -ency | Noun: state, quality or capacity | vacancy, agency, truancy, latency |
| andr, andro | male, characteristics of men | androcentric, android |
| ang | angular | angle |
| anim | mind, life, spirit, anger | animal, animate, animosity |
| ann, annu, enni | yearly | annual, annual, annuity, anniversary, perrenial |
| -ant, -ent | Noun: an agent, something that performs the action | disinfectant, dependent, fragrant |
| -ant, -ent, -ient | Adjective: kind of agent, indication | important, dependent, convenient |
| ante | before | anterior, anteroom, antebellum, antedate, antecedent antediluvian |
| anthrop | man | anthropology, misanthrope, philanthropy |
| anti, ant | against, opposite | antisocial, antiseptic, antithesis, antibody, antinomies, antifreeze, antipathy |
| anti, antico | old | antique, antiquated, antiquity |
| apo, ap, aph | away from, detached, formed | apology, apocalypse, aphagia |
| aqu | water | aqueous |
| -ar, -ary | Adjective: resembling, related to | spectacular, unitary |
| arch | chief, first, rule | archangel, architect, archaic, monarchy, matriarchy, patriarchy, Archeozoic era |
| -ard, -art | Noun: characterized | braggart, drunkard, wizard |
| aster, astr | star | aster, asterisk, asteroid, astronomy, astronaut |
| -ate | Noun: state, office, fuction | candidate, electorate, delegate |
| -ate | Verb: cause to be | graduate, ameliorate, amputate, colligate |
| -ate | Adjective: kind of state | inviolate |
| -ation | Noun: action, resulting state | specialization, aggravation, alternation |
| auc, aug, aut | to originate, to increase | augment , author, augment, auction |
| aud, audi, aur, aus | to hear, listen | audience, audio, audible, auditorium, audiovisual, audition, auricular, ausculate |
| aug, auc | increase | augur, augment, auction |
| aut, auto | self | automobile, automatic, automotive, autograph, autonomous, autoimmune |
| bar | weight, pressure | barometer |
| be | on, around, over, about, excessively, make, cause, name, affect | berate, bedeck, bespeak, belittle, beleaguer |
| belli | war | rebellion, belligerent, casus belli, bellicose |
| bene | good, well, gentle | benefactor, beneficial, benevolent, benediction, beneficiary, benefit |
| bi, bine | two | biped, bifurcate, biweekly, bivalve, biannual |
| bibl, bibli, biblio | book | bibliophile, bibliography, Bible |
| bio, bi | life | biography, biology, biometricsm biome, biosphere |
| brev | short | abbreviate, brevity, brief |
| cad, cap, cas, ceiv, cept, capt, cid, cip | to take, to seize, to hold | receive, deceive, capable, capacious, captive, accident, capture, occasion, concept, intercept, forceps, except, reciprocate |
| cad, cas | to fall | cadaver, cadence, cascade |
| -cade | procession | motorcade |
| calor | heat | calorie, caloric, calorimeter |
| capit, capt | head | decapitate, capital, captain, caption |
| carn | flesh | carnivorous, incarnate, reincarnation, carnal |
| cat, cata, cath | down, with | catalogue, category, catheter |
| caus, caut | burn, heat | caustic, cauldron, cauterize |
| cause, cuse, cus | cause, motive | because, excuse, accusation |
| ceas, ced, cede, ceed, cess | to go, to yield, move, go, surrender | succeed, proceed, precede, recede, secession, exceed, succession |
| cent | hundred | centennial, century, centipede |
| centr, centri | center | eccentricity, centrifugal, concentric, eccentric |
| chrom | color | chrome, chromosome, polychrome, chromatic |
| chron | time | chronology, chronic, chronicle chronometer, anachronism, synchronize |
| cide, cis, cise | to kill, to cut, cut down | fratricide, homicide, incision, incision, circumcision, scissors |
| circum | around | circumnavigate, circumflex, circumstance, circumcision, circumference, circumorbital, circumlocution, circumvent, circumscribe, circulatory |
| cit | call, start | incite, citation, cite |
| civ | citizen | civic, civil, civilian, civilization |
| clam, claim | cry out | exclamation, clamor, proclamation, reclamation, acclaim |
| clin | lean, bend | decline, aclinic, inclination |
| clud, clus claus | to close, shut | include, exclude, clause, claustrophobia, enclose, exclusive, reclusive, conclude |
| co, cog, col, coll, con, com, cor | with, together | cohesiveness, cognate, collaborate, convene, commitment, compress, contemporary, converge, compact, confluence, convenient, concatenate, conjoin, combine, correct |
| cogn, gnos | to know | recognize, cognizant, diagnose, agnostic, incognito, prognosis |
| com, con | fully | complete, compel, conscious, condense, confess, confirm |
| contr, contra, counter | against, opposite | contradict, counteract, contravene, contrary, counterspy, contrapuntal |
| cord, cor, cardi | heart | cordial, concord, discord, courage, encourage |
| corp | body | corporation, corporal punishment, corpse, corpulent, corpus luteum |
| cort | correct | escort, cortage |
| cosm | universe, world | cosmos, microcosm, cosmopolitan, cosmonaut |
| cour, cur, curr, curs | run, course | occur, excursion, discourse, courier, course |
| crat, cracy | rule | autocrat, aristocrat, theocracy, technocracy |
| cre, cresc, cret, crease | grow | create, crescent, accretion, increase |
| crea | create | creature, recreation, creation |
| cred | believe | creed, credo, credence, credit, credulous, incredulous, incredible |
| cresc, cret, crease, cru | rise, grow | crescendo, concrete, increase, decrease, accrue |
| crit | separate, choose | critical, criterion, hypocrite |
| cur, curs | run | current, concurrent, concur, incur, recur, occur, courier, precursor, cursive |
| cura | care | curator, curative, manicure |
| cycl, cyclo | wheel, circle, circular | Cyclops, unicycle, bicycle, cyclone, cyclic |
| de- | from, down, away, to do the opposite, reverse, against | detach, deploy, derange, decrease, deodorize, devoid, deflate, degenerate |
| dec, deca | ten, ten times | decimal, decade, decalogue, decimate, decathlon |
| dec, dign | suitable | decent decorate dignity |
| dei, div | God | divinity, divine, deity, divination, deify |
| dem, demo | people, populace, population | democracy, demography, demagogue, epidemic |
| dent, dont | tooth | dental, denture, orthodontist, periodontal |
| derm | skin, covering | hypodermic, dermatology, epidermis, taxidermy |
| di-, dy- | two, twice, double | divide, diverge, diglycerides |
| dia | through, across, between | diameter, diagonal, dialogue dialect, dialectic, diagnosis, diachronic |
| dic, dict, dit | say, speak | dictation, dictionary, dictate, dictator, Dictaphone, edict, predict, verdict, contradict, benediction |
| dis, dif | not, opposite of, reverse, separate, deprive of, away | dismiss, differ, disallow, disperse, dissuade, divide, disconnect, disproportion, disrespect, distemper, disarray |
| dit | give | credit, audit |
| doc, doct | teach, prove | docile, doctor, doctrine, document, dogma, indoctrinate |
| domin | master, that which is under control | dominate, dominion, predominant, domain |
| don | give | donate, condone |
| dorm | sleep | dormant, dormitory |
| dox | thought, opinion, praise | orthodox, heterodox, paradox, doxology |
| -drome | run, step | syndrome, aerodrome, velodrome |
| duc, duct | to lead, pull | produce, abduct, product, transducer, viaduct, aqueduct, induct, deduct, reduce, induce |
| dura | hard, lasting | durable, duration, endure |
| dynam | power | dynamo, dynamic, dynamite, hydrodynamics |
| dys- | bad, abnormal, difficult, impaired, unfavorable | dysfunctional, dyslexia, dyspathy |
| e- | not, missing, out, fully, away, computer network related | emit, embed, eternal,ether, erase, email, e-tailer |
| ec- | out of, outside | echo, eclipse, eclectic, ecesis, ecstasy, exzema |
| eco- | household, environment, relating to ecology or economy | ecology, economize, ecospheres, ecomanagement |
| ecto- | outside, external | ectomorph, ectoderm, ectoplasm |
| -ed | Verb: past tense | dressed, faded, patted, closed, introduced |
| -ed | Adjective: having the quality or characteristics of | winged, moneyed, dogged, tiered |
| -en | Verb: to cause to become | lengthen, moisten, sharpen |
| -en | Adjective: material | golden, woolen, silken |
| en-, em- | put into, make, provide with, surround with | enamor, embolden, enslave, empower, entangle |
| -ence, -ency | Noun: action or process, quality or state | reference, emergency, dependence, eminence, latency |
| end- | inside, within | endorse, endocardial, endergonic, endoskeleton, endoscope, endogenous |
| epi- | upon, close to, over, after, altered | epicenter, epicarp, epilogue, epigone, epidiorite |
| equi- | equal | equidistant, equilateral, equilibrium, equinox, equation, equator |
| -er, -ier | Adjective: comparative | better, brighter, sooner, hotter, happier |
| -er, -or | Noun: person or thing that does something | flyer, reporter, player, member, fryer, collector, concentrator |
| -er, -or | Verb: action | ponder, dishonor, clamor |
| erg | work, effect | energy, erg, allergy, ergometer, ergograph, ergophobia |
| -ery | collective qualities, art, practice, trade, collection, state, condition | snobbery, bakery, geenery, gallery, slavery |
| -es, -ies | Noun: plural of most nouns ending in -ch, -s, -sh, -o and -z and some in -f and -y | passes, glasses, ladies, heroes |
| -es, -ies | Verb: third person singular present indicative of verbs that end in -ch, -s, -sh, - and some in -y | blesses, hushes, fizzes, defies |
| -ess | female | actress, goddess, poetess |
| -est, -iest | Adjective or Adverb: superlative | latest, strongest, luckiest, lyingest |
| ev-, et- | time, age | medieval, eternal |
| ex- | out of, away from, lacking, former | exit, exhale, exclusive, exceed, explosion, ex-mayor |
| exter-, extra-, extro- | outside of, beyond | external, extrinsic, extraordinary, extrapolate, extraneous, extrovert |
| fa, fess | speak | fable, fabulous, fame, famous, confess, profess |
| fac, fact, fec, fect, fic, fas, fea | do, make | difficult, fashion, feasible, feature, factory, fact, effect, manufacture, amplification, confection |
| fall, fals | deceive | fallacy, falsify, fallacious |
| femto | quadrillionth | femtosecond |
| fer | bear, carry | ferry, coniferous, fertile, defer, infer, refer, transfer |
| fic, feign, fain, fit, feat | shape, make, fashion | fiction, faint, feign |
| fid | belief, faith | confide, diffident, fidelity |
| fid, fide, feder | faith, trust | confidante, fidelity, confident, infidelity, infidel, federal, confederacy, semper fi |
| fig | shape, form | figurem, effigy, figure, figment |
| fila, fili | thread | filigree, filament, filter, filet, filibuster |
| fin | end, ended, finished | final, finite, finish, confine, fine, refine, define, finale |
| fix | repair, attach | fix, fixation, fixture, affix, prefix, suffix |
| flex, flect | bend | flex, reflex, flexible, flexor, inflexibility, reflect, deflect,circumflex |
| flict | strike | affliction, conflict, inflict |
| flu, fluc, fluv, flux | flow | influence, fluid, flue, flush, fluently, fluctuate, reflux, influx |
| -fold | Adverb: in a manner of, marked by | fourfold |
| for, fore | before | forecast, fortune, foresee |
| forc, fort | strength, strong | effort, fort, forte, fortifiable, fortify, forte, fortitude |
| form | shape, resemble | form, format, conform, formulate, perform, formal, formula |
| fract, frag, frai | break | fracture, infraction, fragile, fraction, refract, frail |
| fuge | flee | subterfuge, refuge, centrifuge |
| -ful | Noun: an amount or quanity that fills | mouthful |
| -ful | Adjective: having, giving, marked by | fanciful |
| fuse | pour | confuse, transfuse |
| -fy | make, form into | falsify, dandify |
| gam | marriage | bigamy, monogamy, polygamy |
| gastr, gastro | stomach | gastric, gastronomic, gastritis, gastropod |
| gen | kind | generous |
| gen | birth, race, produce | genesis, genetics, eugenics, genealogy, generate, genetic, antigen, pathogen |
| geo | earth | geometry, geography, geocentric, geology |
| germ | vital part | germination, germ, germane |
| gest | carry, bear | congest, gestation |
| giga | billion | gigabyte, gigaflop |
| gin | careful | gingerly |
| gloss, glot | tongue | glossary, polyglot, epiglottis |
| glu, glo | lump, bond, glue | glue, agglutinate, conglomerate |
| gor | to gather, to bring together | category, categorize |
| grad, gress, gree | to gather, to bring together, step, go | grade, degree, progress, gradual, graduate, egress |
| graph, gram, graf | write, written, draw | graph, graphic, autograph, photography, graphite, telegram, polygraph, grammar, biography, lithograph, graphic |
| grat | pleasing | congratulate, gratuity, grateful, ingrate |
| grav | heavy, weighty | grave, gravity, aggravate, gravitate |
| greg | herd | gregarious, congregation, segregate, gregarian |
| hale, heal | make whole, sound | inhale, exhale, heal, healthy, healthiness |
| helio | sun | heliograph, heliotrope, heliocentric |
| hema, hemo | blood | hemorrhage, hemoglobin, hemophilia, hemostat |
| her, here, hes | stick | adhere, cohere, cohesion, inherent, hereditary, hesitate |
| hetero | other, different | heterodox, heterogeneous, heterosexual, heterodyne |
| hex, ses, sex | six | hexagon, hexameter, sestet, sextuplets |
| homo | same | homogenize, homosexual, homonym, homophone |
| hum, human | earth, ground, man | humus, exhume, humane |
| hydr, hydra, hydro | water | dehydrate, hydrant, hydraulic, hydraulics, hydrogen, hydrophobia |
| hyper | over, above | hyperactive, hypertensive, hyperbolic, hypersensitive, hyperventilate, hyperkinetic |
| hypn | sleep | hypnosis, hypnotherapy |
| -ia | Noun: names, diseases | phobia |
| -ian, an | Noun: related to, one that is | pedestrian, human |
| -iatry | Noun: art of healing | psychiatry |
| -ic | Adjective: quality, relation | generic |
| -ic, ics | Noun: related to the arts and sciences | arithmetic, economics |
| -ice | Noun: act | malice |
| -ify | Verb: cause | specify |
| ignis | fire | ignite, igneous, ignition |
| -ile | Adjective: having the qualities of | projectile |
| in, im | into, on, near, towards | instead, import |
| in, im, il, ir | not | illegible, irresolute, inaction, inviolate, innocuous, intractable, innocent, impregnable, impossible, imposter |
| infra | beneath | infrared, infrastructure |
| -ing | Noun: material made for, activity, result of an activity | flooring, swimming, building |
| -ing | Verb: present participle | depicting |
| -ing | Adjective: activity | cohering |
| inter | between, among | international, intercept, interject, intermission, internal, intermittent, |
| intra | within, during, between layers, underneath | intramural, intranet, intranatal |
| intro | into, within, inward | interoffice, introvert, introspection, introduce |
| -ion | Noun: condition or action | abduction |
| -ish | Adjective: having the character of | newish |
| -ism | Noun: doctrine, belief, action or conduct | formalism |
| -ist | Noun: person or member | podiatrist |
| -ite | Noun: state or quality | graphite |
| -ity, ty | Noun: state or quality | lucidity, novelty |
| -ive | Noun: condition | native |
| -ive, -ative, -itive | Adjective: having the quality of | festive, cooperative, sensitive |
| -ize | Verb: cause | fantasize |
| jac, ject | throw | reject, eject, project, trajectory, interject, dejected, inject, ejaculate, adjacent |
| join, junct | join | adjoining, enjoin, juncture, conjunction, injunction, conjunction |
| judice | judge | prejudice |
| jug, junct, just | to join | junction, adjust, conjugal |
| juven | young | juvenile, rejuvenate |
| labor | work | laborious, belabor |
| lau, lav, lot, lut | wash | launder, lavatory, lotion, ablution, dilute |
| lect, leg, lig | choose, gather, select, read | collect, legible, eligible |
| leg | law | legal, legislate, legislature, legitimize |
| -less | Adjective: without, missing | motiveless |
| levi | light | alleviate, levitate, levity |
| lex, leag, leg | law | legal, college, league |
| liber, liver | free | liberty, liberal, liberalize, deliverance |
| lide | strike | collide, nuclide |
| liter | letters | literary, literature, literal, alliteration, obliterate |
| loc, loco | place, area | location, locally, locality, allocate, locomotion |
| log, logo, ology | word, study, say, speech, reason, study | catalog, prologue, dialogue, zoology, logo |
| loqu, locut | talk, speak | eloquent, loquacious, colloquial, circumlocution |
| luc, lum, lun, lus, lust | light | translucent, luminary, luster, luna, illuminate, illustrate |
| lude | play | prelude |
| -ly | Adverb: in the manner of | fluently |
| macr-, macer | lean | emaciated, meager |
| magn | great | magnify, magnificent, magnanimous, magnate, magnitude, magnum |
| main | strength, foremost | mainstream, mainsail, domain, remain |
| mal | bad, badly | malformation, maladjusted, dismal, malady, malcontent,malfunction, malfeasance, maleficent |
| man, manu | hand, make, do | manual, manage, manufacture, manacle, manicure, manifest, maneuver, emancipate, management |
| mand | command | mandatory, remand, mandate |
| mania | madness | mania, maniac, kleptomania, pyromania |
| mar, mari, mer | sea, pool | marine, marsh, maritime, mermaid |
| matri | mother | matrimony, maternal, matriarchate, matron |
| medi | half, middle, between, halfway | mediate, medieval, Mediterranean, mediocre, medium |
| mega | great, million | megaphone, megaton, megaflop, megalomaniac, megabyte, megalopolis |
| mem | recall, remember | memo, commemoration, memento, memoir, memorable |
| ment | mind | mental, mention |
| -ment | Noun: condition or result | document |
| meso | middle | mesomorph, mesoamerica, mesosphere |
| meta | beyond, change | metaphor, metamorphosis, metabolism, metahistorical, metainformation |
| meter | measure | meter, voltammeter, barometer, thermometer |
| metr | admeasure, apportion | metrics, asymmetric, parametric, telemetry |
| micro | small, millionth | microscope, microfilm, microcard, microwave, micrometer, microvolt |
| migra | wander | migrate, emigrant, immigrate |
| mill, kilo | thousand | millennium, kilobyte, kiloton |
| milli | thousandth | millisecond, milligram, millivolt |
| min | little, small | minute, minor, minuscule |
| mis | wrong, bad, badly | misconduct, misinform, misinterpret, mispronounce, misnomer, mistake, misogynist |
| mit, miss | send | emit, remit, submit, admit, commit, permit, transmit, omit, intermittent, mission, missile |
| mob, mov, mot | move | motion, remove, mobile, motor |
| mon | warn, remind | monument, admonition, monitor, premonition |
| mono | one | monopoly, monotype, monologue, mononucleosis, monorail, monotheist, |
| mor, mort | mortal, death | mortal, immortal, mortality, mortician, mortuary |
| morph | shape, form | amorphous, dimorphic, metamorphosis, morphology, polymorphic, morpheme, amorphous |
| multi | many, much | multifold, multilingual, multiped, multiply, multitude, multipurpose, multinational |
| nano | billionth | nanosecond, nanobucks |
| nasc, nat, gnant, nai | to be born | nascent, native, pregnant, naive |
| nat, nasc | to be from, to spring forth | innate, natal, native, renaissance |
| neo | new | Neolithic, nuveau riche, neologism, neophyte, neonate |
| -ness | Noun: state, condition, quality | kindness |
| neur | nerve | neuritis, neuropathic, neurologist, neural, neurotic |
| nom | law, order | autonomy, astronomy, gastronomy, economy |
| nom, nym | name | nominate, synonym |
| nomen, nomin | name | nomenclature, nominate, ignominious |
| non | nine | nonagon |
| non | not | nonferrous, nonsense, nonabrasive, nondescript |
| nov | new | novel, renovate, novice, nova, innovate |
| nox, noc | night | nocturnal, equinox, noctilucent |
| numer | number | numeral, numeration, enumerate, innumerable |
| numisma | coin | numismatics |
| ob, oc, of, op | toward, against, in the way | oppose, occur, offer, obtain |
| oct | eight | octopus, octagon, octogenarian, octave |
| oligo | few, little | Oligocene, oligosaccharide, oligotrophic, oligarchy |
| omni | all, every | omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, omnivorous |
| onym | name | anonymous, pseudonym, antonym, synonym |
| oper | work | operate, cooperate, opus |
| -or | Noun: condition or activity | valor, honor, humor, minor |
| ortho | straight, correct | orthodox, orthodontist, orthopedic, unorthodox |
| -ory | Noun: place for, serves for | territory, rectory |
| -ous, -eous, -ose, -ious | Adjective: having the quality of, relating to | adventurous, courageous, verbose, fractious |
| over | excessive, above | overwork, overall, overwork |
| pac | peace | pacifist, pacify, pacific ocean |
| pair, pare | arrange, assemblage, two | repair, impair, compare, prepare |
| paleo | old | Paleozoic, Paleolithic, paleomagnetism, paleopsychology |
| pan | all | Pan-American, pan-African, panacea, pandemonium (place of all the demons), |
| para | beside | paradox, paraprofessional, paramedic, paraphrase, parachute |
| pat, pass, path | feel, suffer | patient, passion, sympathy, pathology |
| pater, patr | father | paternity, patriarch, patriot, patron, patronize |
| path, pathy | feeling, suffering | pathos, sympathy, antipathy, apathy, telepathy |
| ped, pod | foot | pedal, impede, pedestrian, centipede, tripod, podiatry, antipode, podium |
| pedo | child | orthopedic, pedagogue, pediatrics |
| pel, puls | drive, push, urge | compel, dispel, expel, repel, propel, pulse, impulse, pulsate, compulsory, expulsion, repulsive |
| pend, pens, pond | hang, weigh | pendant, pendulum, suspend, appendage, pensive, append |
| per | through, intensive | persecute, permit, perspire, perforate, persuade |
| peri | around | periscope, perimeter, perigee, periodontal |
| phage | eat | macrophage, bacteriophage |
| phan, phas, phen, fan, phant, fant | show, make visible | phantom, fantasy |
| phe | speak | blaspheme, cipher, phenomenon, philosopher |
| phil | love | philosopher, philanthropy, philharmonic, bibliophile |
| phlegma | inflammation | phlegm, phlegmatic |
| phobia, phobos | fear | phobia, claustrophobia, acrophobia, aquaphobia, ergophobia, homophobia |
| phon | sound | telephone, phonics, phonograph, phonetic, homophone, microphone, symphony, euphonious |
| phot, photo | light | photograph, photoelectric, photogenic, photosynthesis, photon |
| pico | trillionth | picofarad, picocurie, picovolt |
| pict | paint, show, draw | picture, depict |
| plac, plais | please | placid, placebo, placate, complacent |
| pli, ply | fold | reply, implicate, ply |
| plore | cry out, wail | implore, exploration, deploring |
| plu, plur, plus | more | plural, pluralist, plus |
| pneuma, pneumon | breath | pneumatic, pneumonia, |
| pod | foot, feet | podiatry, tripod |
| poli | city | metropolis, police, politics, Indianapolis, megalopolis, acropolis |
| poly | many | polytheist, polygon, polygamy, polymorphous |
| pon, pos, pound | place, put | postpone, component, opponent, proponent, expose, impose, deposit, posture, position, expound, impound |
| pop | people | population, populous, popular |
| port | carry | porter, portable, transport, report, export, import, support, transportation |
| portion | part, share | portion, proportion |
| post | after, behind | postpone, postdate |
| pot | power | potential, potentate, impotent |
| pre, pur | before | precede |
| prehendere | seize, grasp | apprehend, comprehend, comprehensive, prehensile |
| prin, prim, prime | first | primacy, prima donna, primitive, primary, primal, primeval, prince, principal |
| pro | for, foward | propel |
| proto | first | prototype, protocol, protagonist, protozoan, Proterozoic, protoindustrial |
| psych | mind, soul | psyche, psychiatry, psychology, psychosis |
| punct | point, dot | punctual, punctuation, puncture, acupuncture, punctuation |
| pute | think | dispute, computer |
| quat, quad | four | quadrangle, quadruplets |
| quint, penta | five | quintet, quintuplets, pentagon, pentane, pentameter |
| quip | ship | equip, equipment |
| quir, quis, quest, quer | seek, ask | query, inquire, exquisite, quest |
| re | back, again | report, realign, retract, revise, regain |
| reg, recti | straighten | regiment, regular, rectify, correct, direct, rectangle |
| retro | backwards | retrorocket, retrospect, retrogression, retroactive |
| ri, ridi, risi | laughter | deride, ridicule, ridiculous, derision, risible |
| rog, roga | ask | prerogative, interrogation, derogatory |
| rupt | break | rupture, interrupt, abrupt, disrupt, ruptible |
| sacr, sanc, secr | sacred | sacred, sacrosanct, sanction, consecrate, desecrate |
| salv, salu | safe, healthy | salvation, salvage, salutation |
| sanct | holy | sanctify, sanctuary, sanction, sanctimonious, sacrosanct |
| sat, satis | enough | satient, saturate, satisfy |
| sci, scio, scientia | know | science, conscious, omniscient, cognocienti |
| scope | see, watch | telescope, microscope, kaleidoscope, periscope, stethoscope |
| scrib, script | write | scribe, scribble, inscribe, describe, subscribe, prescribe, manuscript |
| se | apart, move away from | secede |
| sect, sec | cut | intersect, transect, dissect, secant, section |
| sed, sess, sid | sit | sediment, session, obsession, possess, preside, president, reside, subside |
| semi | half, partial | semifinal, semiconscious, semiannual, semimonthly, semicircle |
| sen, scen | old, grow old | senior, senator, senile, senescence, evanescent |
| sent, sens | feel, think | sentiment, consent, resent, dissent, sentimental, sense, sensation, sensitive, sensory, dissension |
| sept | seven | septet, septennial |
| sequ, secu, sue | follow | sequence, consequence, sequel, subsequent, prosecute, consecutive, second, ensue, pursue |
| serv | save, serve, keep | servant, service, subservient, servitude, preserve, conserve, reservation, deserve, conservation, observe |
| -ship | Noun: status, condition | relationship, friendship |
| sign, signi | sign, mark, seal | signal, signature, design, insignia, significant |
| simil, simul | like, resembling | similar, assimilate, simulate, simulacrum, simultaneous |
| sist, sta, stit | stand, withstand, make up | assist, insist, persist, circumstance, stamina, status, state, static, stable, stationary, substitute |
| soci | to join, companions | sociable, society |
| sol, solus | alone | solo, soliloquy, solitaire, solitude, solitary, isolate |
| solv, solu, solut | loosen, explain | solvent, solve, absolve, resolve, soluble, solution, resolution, resolute, dissolute, absolution |
| somn | sleep | insomnia, somnambulist |
| soph | wise | sophomore (wise fool), philosophy, sophisticated |
| spec, spect, spi, spic | look, see | specimen, specific, spectator, spectacle, aspect, speculate, inspect, respect, prospect, retrospective, introspective, expect, conspicuous |
| sper | render favorable | prosper |
| sphere | ball, sphere | sphere, stratosphere, hemisphere, spheroid |
| spir | breath | spirit, conspire, inspire, aspire, expire, perspire, respiration |
| stand, stant, stab, stat, stan, sti, sta, st, stead | stand | stature, establish, stance |
| -ster | person | mobster, monster |
| strain, strict, string, stige | bind, pull, draw tight | stringent, strict, restrict, constrict, restrain, boa constrictor |
| stru, struct, stroy, stry | build | construe, structure, construct, instruct, obstruct, destruction, destroy, industry, ministry |
| sub, suc, suf, sup, sur, sus | under, below, from, secretly, instead of | sustain, survive, support, suffice, succeed, submerge, submarine, substandard, subnormal, subvert |
| sume, sump | take, use, waste | consume, assume, sump, presumption |
| super, supra | over, above | superior, suprarenal, superscript, supernatural, superimpose, supercede |
| syn, sym | together, at the same time | sympathy, synthesis, synchronous, syndicate |
| tact, tang, tag, tig, ting | touch | tactile, contact, intact, intangible, tangible, contagious, contiguous, contingent |
| tain, ten, tent, tin | hold, keep, have | retain, continue, content, tenacious |
| tect, teg | cover | detect, protect, tegular, tegument |
| tele | distance, far, from afar | telephone, telegraph, telegram, telescope, television, telephoto, telecast, telepathy, telepathy |
| tem, tempo | time | tempo, temporary, extemporaneously, contemporary, pro tem, temporal |
| ten, tin, tain | hold | tenacious, tenant, tenure, untenable, detention, retentive, content, pertinent, continent, obstinate, contain, abstain, pertain, detain |
| tend, tent, tens | stretch, strain | tendency, extend, intend, contend, pretend, superintend, tender, extent, tension, pretense |
| tera | trillion | terabyte, teraflop |
| term | end, boundary, limit | exterminate, terminal |
| terr, terra | earth | terrain, terrarium, territory, terrestrial |
| test | to bear witness | testament, detest, testimony, attest, testify |
| the, theo | God, a god | monotheism, polytheism, atheism, theology |
| therm | heat | thermometer, theorem, thermal, thermos bottle, thermostat, hypothermia |
| thesis, thet | place, put | antithesis, hypothesis, synthesis, epithet |
| tire | draw, pull | attire, retire, entire |
| tom | cut | atom (not cutable), appendectomy, tonsillectomy, dichotomy, anatomy |
| tor, tors, tort | twist | torture, retort, extort, distort, contort, torsion, tortuous, torturous |
| tox | poison | toxic, intoxicate, antitoxin |
| tract, tra, trai, treat | drag, draw, pull | attract, tractor, traction, extract, retract, protract, detract, subtract, contract, intractable |
| trans | across, beyond, change | transform, transoceanic, transmit, transportation, transducer |
| tri | three | tripod, triangle, trinity, trilateral |
| trib | pay, bestow | tribute, contribute, attribute, retribution, tributary |
| tribute | give | contribute, distribute, tributary |
| turbo | disturb | turbulent, disturb, turbid, turmoil |
| typ | print | type, prototype, typical, typography, typewriter, typology, typify |
| ultima | last | ultimate, ultimatum |
| umber, umbraticum | shadow | umbra, penumbra, (take) umbrage, adumbrate |
| un | not, against, opposite | unceasing, unequal |
| uni | one | uniform, unilateral, universal, unity, unanimous, unite, unison, unicorn |
| -ure | Noun: act, condition, process, function | exposure, conjecture, measure |
| vac | empty | vacate, vacuum, evacuate, vacation, vacant, vacuous |
| vade | go | evade, invader |
| vale, vali, valu | strength, worth | equivalent, valiant, validity, evaluate, value, valor |
| veh, vect | to carry | vector, vehicle, convection, vehement |
| ven, vent | come | convene, intervene, venue, convenient, avenue, circumvent, invent, convent, venture, event, advent, prevent |
| ver, veri | true | very, aver, verdict, verity, verify, verisimilitude |
| verb, verv | word | verify, veracity, verbalize, verve |
| vert, vers | turn, change | convert, revert, advertise, versatile, vertigo, invert, reversion, extravert, introvert, diversion, introvert, convertible, reverse, controversy |
| vi | way | viable, vibrate, vibrant |
| vic, vicis | change, substitute | vicarious, vicar, vicissitude |
| vict, vinc | conquer | victor, evict, convict, convince, invincible |
| vid, vis | see | video, evident, provide, providence, visible, revise, supervise, vista, visit, vision, review, indivisible |
| viv, vita, vivi | alive, life | revive, survive, vivid, vivacious, vitality, vivisection, vital, vitamins, revitalize |
| voc, voke | call | vocation, avocation, convocation, invocation, evoke, provoke, revoke, advocate, provocative, vocal |
| vol | will | malevolent, benevolent, volunteer, volition |
| volcan | fire | volcano, vulcanize, Vulcan |
| volv, volt, vol | turn about, roll | revolve, voluble, voluminous, convolution, revolt, evolution |
| vor | eat greedily | voracious, carnivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous, devour |
| -ward | Adverb: in a direction or manner | homeward |
| -wise | Adverb: in the manner of, with regard to | timewise, clockwise, bitwise |
| with | against | withhold, without, withdraw, forthwith |
| -y | Noun: state, condition, result of an activity | society, victory |
| -y | Adjective: marked by, having | hungry, angry, smeary, teary |
| zo | animal | zoo (zoological garden), zoology, zodiac, protozoa |
จำตัวอย่าง root ในหนังสือได้หรือเปล่า ทวนกันหน่อย
noun suffixes = ลงท้ายด้วย suffix ต่อไปนี้มักเป็น